Every act of transmission carries a gap between what is sent and what arrives. October 29 has marked three of them — three moments in which a signal traveled from its source, and something was lost, or altered, or arrived as something entirely different from what was intended. On October 29, 1618, Sir Walter Raleigh was beheaded in the Old Palace Yard at Westminster. He had been the most glamorous figure of the Elizabethan age — explorer, poet, courtier, the man credited with introducing tobacco to England, the man who had sent two expeditions to find El Dorado and returned, each time, without it.

Jersey Mike’s has confidentially submitted a draft registration statement to the SEC for a proposed initial public offering, with no share count or price range yet disclosed. The offering remains subject to market conditions and completion of the SEC review process. The confidential filing route—established under the JOBS Act—allows companies to test regulatory reception and refine their S-1 before public scrutiny begins, giving management more flexibility to adjust timing if market conditions shift.